In September 2012, the European Central Bank unveiled the Outright Monetary Transactions program in which the central bank would purchase bonds from debt-laden E.U. states that use that euro and agree to “strict and effective” budget policy. The bank’s head, Mario Draghi, insisted that the program is within the bank’s mandate to protect the value of the euro. Indirectly, if a state government that uses the euro were to default, the currency itself would face downward pressure that could cascade into the collapse of the currency.
The full essay is in Essays on the E.U. Political Economy, available in print and as an ebook at Amazon.