Both
Marx and Rousseau are “anti-history” in the sense that socioeconomic and sociopolitical
large, complex organization, well beyond the small groups of prehistoric homo sapiens people living a sustenance
existence, has alienated workers from themselves (Marx) and introduced
artificial, or “moral,” inequalities and inauthentic fronts (Rousseau). In other
words, the human condition in the modern world is not a story of progress;
paradoxically, things have gotten worse in spite, and indeed in part due to the extent of technological
progress. In other words, under the subterfuge (i.e., camouflage) of “progress,”
the species has actually acquiesced to increasing decadence and deterioration as
human organization has become larger and more complex.
The full essay is at "Rousseau and Marx"
