Without going into either the labor or management camp, a
person can viably critique the operation of hierarchy itself in business
organizations. The notion is typically associated with the concentration of
power at “the top,” rather than the relation of middle-level managers to “retail”
managers and their subordinates. Efficiency of power at a corporate
headquarters does not necessarily translate into “downward” efficiency at the
level of middle management. I submit that precisely this efficiency is rather
severely compromised in American business.
The full essay is at "Hierarchy Hampered."